@article {294,
	title = {Evolutionary rates in the adaptive radiation of beetles on plants},
	journal = {Evolution},
	volume = {58},
	number = {9},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1984-2001},
	abstract = {Herbivorous insects and other small consumers are often specialized both in use of particular host taxa and in use of particular host tissues. Such consumers also often seem to show consistent differences in the rates of evolution of these two dimensions of host use, implying common processes, but this has been little studied. Here we quantify these rates of change in host use evolution in a major radiation of herbivorous insects, the Chrysomeloidea, whose diversity has been attributed to their use of flowering plants. We find a significant difference in the rates of evolutionary change in these two dimensions of host use, with host taxon associations most labile. There are apparently similar differences in rates of host use evolution in other parasite groups, suggesting the generality of this pattern. Divergences in parasite form associated with use of different host tissues may facilitate resource partitioning among successive adaptive radiations on particular host taxa.},
	keywords = {Bruchidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, herbivory, insect-plant interactions, parasite-host interactions, phylogeny},
	author = {Farrell, Brian D. and Sequeira, Andrea S.}
}
@article {304,
	title = {The adaptive value of young leaves being tightly folded or rolled on monocotyledons in tropical lowland rain forest: an hypothesis in two parts},
	journal = {Plant ecology},
	volume = {192},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {317-327},
	abstract = {In tropical lowland rain forest, we find that species with the leaves tightly folded or rolled until they reach at least 50\% of final length occur in 10 of the 15 monocot families with > 100 species, and in 12 of the 24 monocot families with < 100 species, but in only seven of the 212 dicot families (eudicots and magnoliids). Earlier researchers have described how examples of tightly folded and rolled leaves develop, but most have not considered the potentially adaptive value of this pattern of growth. We hypothesize that it is a protection against herbivorous invertebrates. For tropical and temperate dicots, the young leaves have been found to suffer much smaller losses to herbivores while folded and rolled than after they are unfolded or unrolled. Being folded or rolled until a late stage involves an {\textquoteright}opportunity cost{\textquoteright} in the loss of photosynthesis. Among dicots, defences involving such a cost (notably late development of photosynthetic systems in pendent soft young leaves) are typical of shade-tolerant species, which have longer-lived leaves than light-demanders. In contrast, among monocots late folding and rolling are found in both shade-tolerators and light-demanders. We hypothesize that late folding and rolling bring a net advantage to monocots in general, whether shade-tolerant or light-demanding, despite the opportunity cost, because they mostly have fewer leaves per plant of a given size, and therefore an individual leaf is relatively more valuable to the plant. As a coda, we suggest that the {\textquoteright}sleep movements{\textquoteright} of some tropical plants, and the circinate vernation of ferns and some cycads, provide protection against invertebrate herbivores through the apposition of two or more layers of leaf.},
	keywords = {BEETLES, Chrysomelidae, CYCLANTHACEAE, herbivory, LEAF, PLANT DEFENSES},
	author = {Grubb, P. J. and Jackson, R. V.}
}
