01878nas a2200133   4500008004100000245006700041210006600108300001400174490000700188520146200195100002001657700002001677856004701697       2005                        eng d00aEstimating postnatal dispersal: tracking the unseen dispersers0 aEstimating postnatal dispersal tracking the unseen dispersers  a1185-11900 v863 aPostnatal dispersal, defined as dispersal from the natal patch soon after reaching maturity, is common in a variety of insect species. Postnatal dispersal may increase connections among subpopulations and, thus, significantly affect local population dynamics in metapopulation and source-sink contexts. Yet most mark-recapture studies,of insects miss the postnatal dispersal phase because it comes soon after eclosion. Cephaloleia fenestrata (Chrysomelidae) is a specialist herbivore of the rolled leaves of Pleiostachya pruinosa (Marantaceae, common name "prayer plant"). Some P. pruinosa patches were flooded prior to the onset of this study, extirpating the majority of C. fenestrata in the flood zone and providing a natural experiment and an opportunity to observe recolonization dynamics. We built a spatially explicit population projection matrix model to simulate spatial population dynamics of C. fenestrata. The model was a poor fit to the empirical data. Adding postnatal dispersal to the model resulted in a much better model fit. This study suggests that 81% of C. fenestrata disperse from the natal site soon after eclosion. Model simulations indicated that postnatal dispersal increases the mean population size in the flood zone more than six-fold and the standard deviation more than three-fold. Herein we present an implicit method of estimating postnatal dispersal when marking animals before the postnatal dispersal phase is problematic.1 aJohnson, D., M.1 aHorvitz, C., C.  uhttps://cephaloleia.myspecies.info/node/2202357nas a2200121   4500008004100000245008900041210006900130300001400199490000700213520194800220100002002168856004702188       2005                        eng d00aMetapopulation models: An empirical test of model assumptions and evaluation methods0 aMetapopulation models An empirical test of model assumptions and  a3088-30980 v863 aPatch occupancy models provide a simple phenomenological approach to evaluating ecological questions on a metapopulation scale. In this study, I use and modify a patch occupancy model to evaluate the effects of synchronous extinctions correlated with flooding and patch-size-dependent migration on the regional dynamics of a neotropical beetle, Cephaloleia fenestrata. Various methods have been used to evaluate patch occupancy models. Previous authors most commonly have evaluated patch occupancy models by logistic regression of incidence functions. Likelihoods produced from regression methods, however, neglect autocorrelation in spatial occupancy patterns even though spatial autocorrelation is common in ecological data. In this study, I used a Monte Carlo method of model evaluation, which accounts for spatial autocorrelation. Results suggest that patches undergo synchronous extinctions correlated with flooding and this affects regional dynamics of C. fenestrata. Immigration probability positively correlated with patch size, and emigration probability negatively correlated with patch size, also affecting C. fenestrata regional dynamics. The patch occupancy pattern was positively spatially autocorrelated at only two of the sites, but was nearly significant at another. The logistic regression method was a reasonable alternative to the Monte Carlo method for model evaluation. Other model evaluation methods (fits to model development data, proportion of occupied patches, and turnover rates) were inconsistent (at best) quantitative measures of a model’s fit to independent data. When used to select among competing models, however, the fits to model development data were reasonably good indicators of fits to independent data. Given the increased complexity involved in using the Monte Carlo method, the simpler logistic regression method may be a preferable alternative, especially when spatial autocorrelation is minimal.1 aJohnson, D., M.  uhttps://cephaloleia.myspecies.info/node/2302629nas a2200253   4500008004100000245017100041210006900212300001200281490000700293520181200300653001302112653001702125653001502142653002602157653001402183653002002197653001702217653001702234653002202251653001902273100001802292700001802310856004702328       2005                        eng d00aMolecular phylogenetics and evolution of host plant use in the Neotropical rolled leaf ’hispine’ beetle genus Cephaloleia (Chevrolat) (Chrysomelidae : Cassidinae)0 aMolecular phylogenetics and evolution of host plant use in the N  a117-1310 v373 aHere, we report the results of a species level phylogenetic study of Cephaloleia beetles designed to clarify relationships and patterns of host plant taxon and tissue use among species. Our study is based on up to 2088 bp of mtDNA sequence data. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods of phylogenetic inference consistently recover a monophyletic Cephaloleia outside of a basal clade of primarily palm feeding species (the ’Arecaceae-feeding clade’), and C irregularis. In all three analyses, the ’Arecaceae-feeding clade’ includes Cephaloleia spp. with unusual morphological features, and a few species currently placed in other cassidine genera and tribes. All three analyses also recover a clade that includes all Zingiberales feeding Cephaloleia and most Cephaloleia species (the ’Zingiberales-feeding clade’). Two notable clades are found within the ’Zingiberales-feeding clade.’ One is comprised of beetles that normally feed only on the young rolled leaves of plants in the families Heliconiaceae and Marantaceae (the ’Heliconiaceae & Marantaceae-feeding clade’). The other is comprised of relative host tissue generalist, primarily Zingiberales feeding species (the ’generalist-feeding clade’). A few species in the ’generalist-feeding clade’ utilize Cyperaceae or Poaceae as hosts. Overall, relatively basal Cephaloleia (e.g., the "Arecaceae clade’) feed on relatively basal monocots (e.g., Cyclanthaceae and Arecaceae), and relatively derived Cephaloleia (e.g., the ’Zingiberales-feeding clade’) feed on relatively derived monocots (mostly in the order Zingiberales). Zingiberales feeding and specialization on young rolled Zingiberales leaves have each apparently evolved just once in Cephaloleia. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aACCURACY10aBARK BEETLES10aCHARACTERS10aENGTH DIFFERENCE TEST10aHELICONIA10aINCOMPLETE TAXA10aINCONGRUENCE10aMISSING DATA10aMITOCHONDRIAL-DNA10aSPECIALIZATION1 aMcKenna, D.D.1 aFarrell, B.D.  uhttps://cephaloleia.myspecies.info/node/2401950nas a2200133   4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001200188490000800200520153100208100001401739700001601753856004701769       2005                        eng d00aSexual size dimorphism within species increases with body size in insects0 aSexual size dimorphism within species increases with body size i  a321-3340 v1083 aStudies examining interspecific differences in sexual size dimorphism (SSD) typically assume that the degree of sexual differences in body size is invariable within species. This work was conducted to assess validity of this assumption. As a result of a systematic literature survey, datasets for 158 insect species were retrieved. Each dataset contained adult or pupal weights of males and females for two or more different subsets, typically originating from different conditions during immature development. For each species, an analysis was conducted to examine dependence of SSD on body size, the latter variable being used as a proxy of environmental quality. A considerable variation in SSD was revealed at the intraspecific level in insects. The results suggest that environmental conditions may strongly affect the degree, though not the direction of SSD within species. In most species, female size appeared to be more sensitive to environmental conditions than male size: with conditions improving, there was a larger relative increase in female than male size. As a consequence, sexual differences in size were shown to increase with increasing body size in species with female-biased SSD (females were the larger sex in more than 80% of the species examined). The results were consistent across different insect orders and ecological subdivisions. Mechanisms leading to intraspecific variation in SSD are discussed. This study underlines the need to consider intraspecific variation in SSD in comparative studies.1 aTeder, T.1 aTammaru, T.  uhttps://cephaloleia.myspecies.info/node/2500415nas a2200085   4500008004100000245014200041210006900183100003000252856004700282       2005                        eng d00aDiversity in motion: the influence of dispersal and metacommunity spatial structure on invertebrate communities in Heliconia phytotelmata0 aDiversity in motion the influence of dispersal and metacommunity1 aGuthrie, Carla, Gabrielle  uhttps://cephaloleia.myspecies.info/node/21